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Soil Nailing
Soil nailing is a ground stabilization technique that can be used on either natural or excavated slopes. It involves drilling holes for steel bars to be inserted into a slope face which are then grouted in place. Mesh is attached to the bar ends to hold the slope face in position. They are commonly used…
Soil Liquefaction
Soil liquefaction, also called earthquake liquefaction, ground failure or loss of strength that causes otherwise solid soil to behave temporarily as a viscous liquid. The phenomenon occurs in water-saturated unconsolidated soils affected by seismic S waves (secondary waves), which cause ground vibrations during earthquakes. Although earthquake shock is the best known cause of liquefaction, certain construction practices, including blasting and soil compaction and…
Application of Benders & Extenders in Geotechnical Engineering
Smart materials are the materials, whose properties can be significantly changed, in a required manner, by an external stimulus (i.e., temperature, stress, strain, electric- and magnetic-field). Piezo-ceramic materials belong to the category of such materials, which produce a voltage when stress is applied and vice versa. Due to this unique property, piezo-ceramic elements have enough…
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